Subjective memory complaints in young people; their relationship withobjective cognitive performance and the role of neuroticism / Quejas subjetivas de memoria en jóvenes; su relación con el rendimiento cognitivo objetivo y el papel del neuroticismo

Las percepciones de olvidos recurrentes o episodios de distracción en la vida diaria se denominan quejas subjetivas de memoria (QSM). Su naturaleza se ha estudiado ampliamente en adultos mayores, pero su importancia y relación con el rendimiento neurocognitivo no se han abordado por completo en adultos más jóvenes. Se han sugerido algunos rasgos psicológicos como posibles moderadores de la asociación entre el rendimiento de la memoria objetiva y subjetiva. El primer objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la correspondencia entre la percepción objetiva y subjetiva de los fallos de memoria en jóvenes. En segundo lugar, estudiamos si el rasgo psicológico del neuroticismo podría estar influyendo en esta relación. Para ello, medimos QSM, diferentes dominios cognitivos (memoria episódica y de trabajo y funciones ejecutivas) y neuroticismo en 80 hombres y mujeres jóvenes. Los resultados mostraron que solo la memoria episódica inmediata estaba estadísticamente relacionada con los QSM. Curiosamente, las relaciones negativas entre el rendimiento de la memoria objetiva y subjetiva solo aparecieron en participantes con mayor neuroticismo. Por lo tanto, las quejas de memoria reportadas por los jóvenes podrían reflejar un peor rendimiento de la memoria episódica inmediata, mientras que el neuroticismo jugaría un papel principal en la asociación entre los déficits de memoria y las QSM. Este estudio proporciona datos que pueden ayudar a comprender mejor las QSM en los jóvenes.(AU)

Perceptions of recurrent forgetfulness or episodes of distraction in daily life are referred to as subjective memory complaints (SMCs). Their nature has been extensively studied in older adults, but their significance and relationship with neurocognitive performance have not been fully ad-dressed in younger adults. Some psychological traits have been suggested as possible moderators of the association between objective and subjective memory performance. The first aim of this study was to analyze the corre-spondence between the objective and subjective perception of memory failures in young people. Second, we studied whether the psychological trait of neuroticism could be influencing this relationship. Todo this, we measured SMCs, different cognitive domains (episodic and working memory and executive functions), and neuroticism in 80 young men and women. Results showed that only immediate episodic memory was statisti-cally related to SMCs. Interestingly, the negative relationships between ob-jective and subjective memory performance only appeared in participants with higher neuroticism. Thus, memory complaints reported by young people could reflect poorer immediate episodic memory performance, whereas neuroticism would play a main role in the association between memory deficits and SMCs. This study provides data that can help to bet-ter understand SMCs in young people.(AU)

Analysis of relationships between personality factors and the risk of Eating Disorders

Introduction: Regarding the origin of Eating Disorders, different psychological variables such as the personality, have been identified as risk factors for the onset and subsequent development of these pathologies. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between personality and different risk variables for the development of ED in the population of female students without disorders. Method: Participants included 627 women, Spanish university students, who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted in order to observe patterns of common variation among the variables, and to determine the contribution of the personality traits in the explanation of the variables. Results: Neuroticism correlated significantly with all scales and is the main predictor of the risk scales (drive for thinness, bulimia and body dissatisfaction), and the seven psychological scales. The remaining factors showed negative correlations with all of the scales. Extraversion was the main predictor variable in the explained variance of interpersonal insecurity and interpersonal alienation. In addition, conscientiousness and agreeableness demonstrated an effect on different scales in combination with other factors. Conclusion: The study sustained the importance of personality in the risk of developing ED. Neuroticism is the factor that is most closely related to the risk variables and psychological constructs which are conceptually relevant in the development and maintenance of these disorders. The study of personality should help in identifying at-risk populations, and will enable adopting solutions aimed at the prevention of ED.

Introducción: En el origen de los trastornos alimentarios han sido identificadas diferentes variables psicológicas como factores de riesgo, como la personalidad, para el inicio y posterior desarrollo de estas patologías. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la personalidad y diferentes variables de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos alimentarios, en la población de mujeres universitarias sin trastornos. Método: Las participantes fueron 627 mujeres, estudiantes universitarias españolas, que completaron el Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) y el Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Se realizaron análisis de correlación y regresión para observar los patrones de variación común entre las variables y para determinar la contribución de los rasgos de personalidad en la explicación de las variables. Resultados: El neuroticismo correlacionó significativamente con todas las escalas, y fue la principal variable predictiva en la varianza explicada de las escalas de riesgo (obsesión por la delgadez, bulimia e insatisfacción corporal), y siete escalas psicológicas. Los rasgos de personalidad restantes mostraron correlaciones negativas con todas las escalas. Extraversión fue la principal variable predictora de la varianza explicada de inseguridad interpersonal y alienación personal. Además, responsabilidad y amabilidad mostraron efecto en combinación con otros factores en diferentes variables. Conclusión: El estudio apoyó la importancia de la personalidad en el riesgo de desarrollar trastornos alimentarios. El neuroticismo es el factor que más se relaciona con las variables de riesgo y constructos psicológicos conceptualmente relevantes en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de estos trastornos. El estudio de la personalidad debería ayudar a identificar a las poblaciones de riesgo y adoptar soluciones dirigidas a la prevención.

Antisocial traits and neuroticism as predictors of suicidal behaviour in borderline personality disorder: A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic and management of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the χ2 test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings.

Rasgos antisociales y neuroticismo como predictores de conducta suicida en trastorno límite de la personalidad: un estudio retrospectivo

Introducción: El espectro de la conducta suicida (CS) es nuclear en la clínica y el tratamiento del trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP). Los rasgos patológicos del TLP intervienen como factores de riesgo de CS en confluencia con otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas asociadas con el TLP. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en evaluar los rasgos de personalidad específicos del TLP que se relacionan con la CS. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo, de una muestra de 134 pacientes con diagnóstico de TLP según los criterios del DSM-5. Se utilizan los cuestionarios de Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat para valorar distintos parámetros de la personalidad. Se realizan comparaciones por variables mediante las pruebas de la x2 y de la t de Student. La asociación entre variables se analiza mediante regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: Se objetivan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la CS y relacionadas y la dimensión neuroticismo-ansiedad en el test de Zuckerman-Kuhlman. Asimismo se relaciona de manera significativa con la subescala fóbica y antisocial del Millon-II. La impulsividad medida con las pruebas de Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat no aparece relacionada con la CS. Conclusiones: Los resultados presentados plantean el papel de los rasgos fóbicos, antisociales y del neuroticismo como posibles rasgos de personalidad del TLP relacionados con la CS. Incluso se propone una importancia mayor que el de la impulsividad dentro de la relación del TLP con la CS. De cara al futuro, estudios longitudinales permitirían aumentar la evidencia científica de los hallazgos presentados. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier Espafña, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.

Introduction: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic andmanagement of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. Conclusions: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings. © 2021 Asociacio´n Colombiana de Psiquiatria. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Five-factor model of personality and Parkinson's Disease: a systematic review

Some studies have associated Parkinson's disease with specific personality traits. We aimed to analyze personality profiles in Parkinson's disease based on the Five- Factor Model, using the following 3 instruments as parameters: NEO Personality Inventory, revised NEO Personality Inventory, and NEO Five-Factor Inventory. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. The initial search resulted in 232 studies, and 11 studies were selected for full-text review. The personality traits most commonly associated with Parkinson's disease were high neuroticism and low extraversion and conscientiousness. These results cannot be attributed only to Parkinson's disease because other associated diseases were present in the included studies. Evidence from these studies is insufficient to state that there is a typical personality profile associated with Parkinson's disease, given that this profile is nonspecific and found in many psychopathological disorders that differ considerably from each other. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021271526)

Alguns estudos têm associado a doença de Parkinson a traços de personalidade específicos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o perfil de personalidade na doença de Parkinson com base no Modelo dos Cinco Fatores, utilizando como parâmetro três instrumentos baseados nessa teoria: NEO Personality Inventory, NEO Personality Inventory revisado e NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de acordo com os critérios de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Foram consultadas as bases de dados PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. A busca inicial resultou em 232 estudos, e 11 deles foram selecionados para análise completa. Os traços de personalidade mais frequentemente associados à doença de Parkinson foram o elevado neuroticismo e baixos níveis de extroversão e de conscienciosidade. Estes resultados não podem ser atribuídos apenas à doença de Parkinson, uma vez que outras doenças associadas estavam presentes nos trabalhos avaliados. Não há evidências suficientes nestes estudos para afirmar que existe um perfil de personalidade típico associado à doença de Parkinson, visto que esse perfil é inespecífico e encontrado em muitos transtornos psicopatológicos que diferem consideravelmente entre si. Este estudo foi registrado na plataforma International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ­ PROSPERO (número CRD4202127151526)

Relationship between self-reported health and neuroticism in older adults: a scoping review / Relação entre saúde autorreferida e neuroticismo em idosos: uma revisão de escopo

This scoping review aims to identify and map the existing literature regarding the relationship between neuroticism and self-reported health in community-dwelling older adults. We adopted the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis recommendations and followed the PRISMA-SCr when reporting it. The search was performed on ten different databases, including: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, Embase, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, United States National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Web of Science, Ageline and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde databases until February 2021. Data screening and extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. We included primary studies with older adults (≥60 years) [participants] that adopted validated instruments to assess neuroticism and self-reported health [concept] in the community [context], published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. We identified 3453 articles and included 15 studies in this review. We extracted the main categories of included studies, characteristics of the participants, methodological issues, and biopsychosocial factors. Outcomes were reported in three sections: Focus of studies; Definitions and measures of neuroticism and self-reported health; Associations with biopsychosocial factors. We found an association between high neuroticism and poor self-reported health. Some biopsychosocial factors may influence this relationship, such as chronic diseases, depression, social support, and a sense of control, which must be considered in future studies to shed light on this topic

Esta revisão de escopo tem como objetivo identificar e mapear a literatura existente sobre a relação entre neuroticismo e saúde autorreferida em idosos vivendo na comunidade. Adotamos as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis e seguimos o PRISMA-SCr ao reportá-lo. A busca foi realizada em dez bases de dados diferentes, incluindo: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, Embase, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, United States National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Web of Science, Ageline e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Centro Latino -Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde até fevereiro de 2021. A triagem e extração dos dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes. Incluímos estudos primários com idosos (≥60 anos) [participantes] que adotaram instrumentos validados para avaliar neuroticismo e saúde autorreferida [conceito] na comunidade [contexto], publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Identificamos 3.453 artigos e incluímos 15 estudos nesta revisão. Extraímos as principais categorias dos estudos incluídos, características dos participantes, questões metodológicas e fatores biopsicossociais. Os resultados foram relatados em três seções: Foco dos estudos; Definições e medidas de neuroticismo e autoavaliação de saúde; Associações com fatores biopsicossociais. Encontramos uma associação entre alto neuroticismo e má saúde autorrelatada. Alguns fatores biopsicossociais podem influenciar nessa relação, como doenças crônicas, depressão, suporte social e senso de controle, que devem ser considerados em estudos futuros para elucidar esse tema

Psychometric Properties of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) in Spanish Population / Propiedades Psicométricas del Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3 (ASI-3) en Población Española

Background: The Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) is the reference instrument for measuring anxiety sensitivity. The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the ASI-3 have been examined in university students but not in adults from the general population. Whether the ASI-3 subscales provide relevant information has not yet been examined either. Method: The ASI-3’s factor structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, and relationship with neuroticism were examined in a Spanish community sample of 919 adults. Results: In two subsamples of participants, the ASI-3 presented a structure of three correlated factors (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) that loaded on a higher-order factor, but the three factors did not explain much item variance. The total scale and subscales of the ASI-3 showed excellent or good indices of internal consistency (alphas and omegas = .81 – .91), and adequate indices of test-retest reliability at two months (r = .57 – .73) and the relationship with neuroticism and its facets (r = .19 – .52). Conclusions: The ASI-3 provides reliable, valid measures of anxiety sensitivity in Spanish adults, but its subscales are not very useful beyond the information provided by the total scale.(AU)

Antecedentes: el Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3 (ASI-3) es el instrumento de referencia para medir la sensibilidad a la ansiedad. Las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del ASI-3 se han examinado en estudiantes universitarios, pero no en adultos de la población general. Tampoco se ha examinado si las subescalas del ASI-3 aportan información relevante. Método: se examinó la estructura factorial del ASI-3, su consistencia interna, estabilidad temporal y relación con neuroticismo en una muestra comunitaria española de 919 adultos. Resultados: en dos submuestras de participantes, el ASI-3 presentó una estructura de tres factores correlacionados (preocupaciones físicas, cognitivas y sociales) que saturaban en un factor de orden superior, pero los tres factores no explicaban mucha varianza de los ítems. La escala total y las subescalas del ASI-3 mostraron índices excelentes o buenos de consistencia interna (alfas y omegas = .81 – .91) y adecuados de fiabilidad test-retest a los dos meses (r = .57 – .73) y de relación con el neuroticismo y sus facetas (r = .19 – .52). Conclusiones: el ASI-3 proporciona medidas fiables y válidas de la sensibilidad a la ansiedad en adultos españoles, pero sus subescalas no son muy útiles más allá de la información proporcionada por su escala total.(AU)

Disentangling the Linkage between Personality and Commitment: A Moderated Mediation Model of Core Self-Evaluations and Affectivity / Desenredando la conexión entre personalidad y compromiso: un modelo de mediación moderada de las autoevaluaciones centrales y de la afectividad

The purpose of this study is to investigate how several personality traits and two affective states might be associated with organizational (affective) commitment in a Middle Eastern collectivist culture like Turkey. We tested moderated mediation models of the effects of Big-Five personality traits on affective commitment to the organization while investigating the mediation effects of two affective states (i.e., positive affectivity and negative affectivity) and the moderating effects of a personality trait (i.e., core self-evaluations) on these relationships. Data were collected in a field study (N = 312) using a time-lagged research design. As expected, the results indicated that the traits extraversion and agreeableness are positively related to affective commitment through positive affectivity when core self-evaluations is high-to-medium in strength. The results also showed that the indirect and negative effect of neuroticism on affective commitment via negative affectivity was not supported. The main contribution of this study is the focus on personality and affective-commitment linkages, giving an increased understanding of the processes, mechanisms, and conditions (i.e., indirect and moderating) operating within these linkages.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio es investigar cómo podrían asociarse diversos rasgos de personalidad y dos estados afectivos con el compromiso afectivo organizativo en una cultura colectivista de oriente próximo como Turquía. Probamos modelos de mediación moderada de los efectos de los rasgos de la personalidad de los Cinco Grandes en el compromiso afectivo con la organización a la vez que investigamos los efectos de la mediación de dos estados afectivos (la afectividad positiva y negativa) y los efectos moderadores de un rasgo de personalidad (las autoevaluaciones centrales) en estas relaciones. Mediante un estudio de campo se recogieron los datos (N = 312) mediante un diseño de investigación demorado. Tal y como era de esperar, los resultados indican que los rasgos extraversión y amabilidad se asocian positivamente al compromiso afectivo mediado por la afectividad positiva cuando las autoevaluaciones centrales tienen una fuerza entre elevada y media. Los resultados muestran también que el efecto indirecto y negativo del neuroticismo en el compromiso afectivo, mediado por la afectividad negativa, no se sostiene. La contribución más importante del estudio es que se centra en los vínculos entre personalidad y compromiso afectivo, mejorando el conocimiento de los procesos, mecanismos y condiciones (indirectos y moderadores) que operan en estos vínculos.(AU)

Ciúme romântico: Analisando o papel preditor dos Cinco Grandes Fatores e da Tríade Sombria da Personalidade / Romantic jealousy: Analysing the predictive role of Big Five and Dark Triad of Personality

O presente estudo objetivou explorar as relações entre os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF), a Tríade Sombria da Personalidade (TSP) e as diferentes dimensões que compõem o ciúme romântico. Participaram deste estudo 283 pessoas, com idades variando entre 18 a 58 anos (Midade = 25,04; DPidade = 7,64; 70,9% mulheres). Estes responderam instrumentos que avaliavam os CGF (Ten-Item Personality Inventory) e a TSP (Dirty Dozen) e as diversas dimensões do ciúme romântico (i.e., cognitivo, emocional e comportamental; Multidimensional Jealousy Scale), assim como questões sociodemográficas e interpessoais. No geral, verificou-se que a base de personalidade do ciúme romântico é formada pela confluência de altos escores em neuroticismo e narcisismo. Tais relações são consistentes, mesmo controlando o efeito de covariáveis (e.g., sexo, satisfação com o relacionamento). Os resultados podem ensejar futuras pesquisas que objetivem traçar um perfil psicológico de pessoas que podem apresentar níveis mais intensos e perigosos do ciúme romântico, possibilitando implementar estratégias interventivas para reduzir tais respostas desadaptativas.

This study aimed to explore the association between the Five-factor Model (FFM), the Dark Triad of Personality (DTP), and the different dimensions that make up romantic jealousy. Two-hundred and eighty-three people participated in this study, with ages varying from 18 to 58 years old (Mage = 25.04; SDage = 7.64; 70.9% women). Participants responded to instruments that evaluated the FFM (Ten-Item Personality Inventory), the DTP (Dirty Dozen) and the different dimensions of romantic jealousy (i.e., cognitive, emotional and behavioural; Multidimensional Jealousy Scale), as well as sociodemographic and interpersonal questions. Overall, we found that the personality basis of romantic jealousy is formed by the confluence of high scores on neuroticism and narcissism. Such relationships are consistent, even controlling for the effect of covariates (e.g., sex, satisfaction with the relationship). The results may stimulate future research that aims to describe the psychological profile of those who present more intense and dangerous variations of romantic jealousy, which may facilitate intervention strategies to reduce such maladaptive responses.

Variables psicológicas implicadas en el abuso o consumo indebido de opioides en pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico / Psychological variables involved in opioid abuse or misuse in patients with chronic non-cancer pain

Las variables psicológicas permiten predecir el riego de abuso de los opioidesde prescripción. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar el valor predictivode algunas de ellas. Concretamente se ha analizado la asociación del humor deautoafirmación, el neuroticismo, la extraversión, la presencia de síntomas deansiedad y/o depresión, y la intensidad de dolor percibido con el potencial abuso yel uso indebido de opioides. Participaron 60 pacientes con dolor crónico nooncológico, con una media de edad de 60 años, en su mayoría mujeres (77%) ycasados (78%). Se realizaron dos análisis de regresión lineal múltiple por pasos. Losresultados señalan a los síntomas de ansiedad y/o depresión como únicas variablesrelacionadas con el potencial abuso y el actual uso indebido de los opioides deprescripción. Se concluye la importancia de llevar a cabo una evaluación psicológicaprevia al inicio de una terapia farmacológica con opioides. Y, en el caso de detectarsíntomas de ansiedad o depresión en estos pacientes, sería necesario solucionarestos problemas antes de la prescripción de opioides. (AU)

Psychological variables can be used to predict the risk of prescription opioidabuse. The aim of the present study was to analyse the predictive value of a set ofthese variables. Specifically, we analysed the association between the potentialabuse and misuse of opioids and self-affirming mood, neuroticism, extraversion,anxiety and/or depression symptoms, and perceived pain intensity. The samplecomprised 60 patients with chronic non-oncological pain (mean age= 60 years;77% women, 78% married). Two stepwise multiple linear regression analyses wereperformed. The results indicate that anxiety and/or depression symptoms were theonly variables associated with the potential abuse and current misuse ofprescription opioids. We suggest the need for prior psychological assessmentbefore deciding to initiate pharmacological therapy with opioids. Any anxiety or depression symptoms in these patients should be addressed before prescribingopioids. (AU)

Avances en el estudio de la continuidad del neuroticismo y su variante desadaptativa: aplicación de la teoría de respuesta al ítem / Advances in the Study of the Continuity of Neuroticism and its Maladaptive Variant: Application of the Item Response Theory

Resumen El Neuroticismo (N), a pesar de ser un rasgo de personalidad normal, se vincula con el padecimiento de diversas psicopatologias. Se estudió la continuidad entre el N y su variante desadaptativa, la Afectividad Negativa (AN), aplicando un modelo de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) a dos escalas que miden estos constructos. Participaron 619 personas de población general (64.3 % mujeres), quienes respondieron un protocolo que incluyó 20 ítems de N del International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) y 23 ítems de AN del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Inicialmenete se realizó una depuración progresiva de los ítems de N y AN a partir de criterios psicométricos del Modelo de Respuesta Graduada. Luego se calibraron conjuntamente los 22 ítems retenidos aunque se eliminaron 6 ítems por mostrar dependencia local y problemas de ajuste. Se aportaron evidencias de la continuidad postulada entre N y AN. Sin embargo, se encontró un marcado solapamiento en la localización de los ítems procedentes de ambas escalas en el continuo del rasgo que conforman N y AN.

Abstract Neuroticism (N), despite being a normal personality trait, is linked to various psychopathologies. The continuity between N and its maladaptive variant, Negative Affectivity (NA), was studied by applying a model of the Item Response Theory (IRT) to two scales that measure these constructs. A total of 619 participants from the general population (64.3% women) answered a protocol that included 20 items of N from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) and 23 items of NA from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). First, progressive refinement of the N and NA items was carried out based on psychometric criteria from the Graded Response Model. Then, the 22 items retained were calibrated together, although 6 items were eliminated for showing local dependence and adjustment problems. Evidence of the postulated continuity between N and NA was provided. However, a marked overlap was found in the location of the items from both scales in the trait continuum formed by N and AN.

Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's Disease / Mudanças nos traços de personalidade em pacientes com doença de alzheimer

ABSTRACT. Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extremely common throughout the course of the pathology, and these behavioral changes present themselves as challenges in clinical management and as a significant cause of caregivers' burden. Objective: Using a personality inventory based on the five-factor model of personality, this study aimed to assesses the change in these factors by comparing the premorbid and current personality of individuals recently diagnosed with AD. Methods: A total of 30 AD patients were recruited, and their respective family members responded to the personality inventory at home through a hosted site. The patients were also divided into two groups according to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): mild dementia (CDR 1) and moderate dementia (CDR 2). Results: Among all patients, there was a significant increase in neuroticism factor levels and a significant decrease in the extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and socialization factors. When comparing the groups, only the extraversion factor showed a difference, with CDR 1 group accusing a higher change in scores. Higher scores in the factor neuroticism in the premorbid personality correlated with the current severity of the disease. Conclusions: This research draws the attention of family members and health professionals to changes in personality traits or behavior of relatives or patients, because it can reflect an underlying neurodegenerative process.

RESUMO. Mudanças em traços de personalidade em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA) são extremamente comuns ao longo do curso da referida patologia, e essas alterações comportamentais apresentam-se como desafios no manejo clínico e como causa significativa de esgotamento dos cuidadores. Objetivo: Por meio de um inventário de personalidade baseado nos cinco fatores de personalidade, este estudo avalia a mudança nos escores desses fatores comparando a personalidade pré-mórbida e a atual dos indivíduos com DA. Métodos: O total de 30 pacientes com DA foi recrutado, e seus familiares responderam ao inventário de personalidade. Os pacientes também foram divididos em dois grupos conforme a avaliação clínica da demência: demência leve (CDR1) e demência moderada (CDR2). Resultados: Em todos os pacientes, houve aumento significativo nos escores do fator neuroticismo e decréscimos significativos nos fatores extroversão, realização, abertura e socialização. Quando feita a comparação entre grupos, apenas o fator extroversão apresentou diferença, com o grupo CDR 1 mostrando maiores mudanças nos escores. Os níveis do fator neuroticismo da personalidade pré-mórbida correlacionaram-se com a gravidade da doença no momento do diagnóstico. Conclusões: Este estudo procura esclarecer aos familiares e profissionais de saúde que mudanças em traços de personalidade de seus parentes ou pacientes podem refletir processos neurodegenerativos subjacentes.

Cuestionario Revisado de Personalidad de Eysenck (versión reducida): análisis con la teoría de respuesta al ítem / Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Brief Version): Analysis with Item Response Theory

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar nuevas evidencias de calidad psicométrica para la adaptación argentina de la versión reducida del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-RS). Participaron 1136 personas de población general (52.5% femenino, edad media = 29.6 años, DE = 11.9) residentes en Buenos Aires, Argentina. La adaptación argentina se compone de 42 ítems con formato de respuesta dicotómica. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio a partir de la matriz de correlaciones tetracóricas. Esto permitió replicar la estructura propuesta por Eysenck para el modelo PEN (Psicoticismo-Extraversión-Neuroticismo) y la escala Sinceridad. Posteriormente, se ajustó el modelo logístico de dos parámetros por separado para los ítems de cada escala. Los ítems no mostraron funcionamiento diferencial según género. La discriminación de los ítems resultó moderada-alta. Los parámetros b se localizaron en rangos acotados de cada uno de los rasgos medidos, lo que originó que la precisión de las escalas varíe en el recorrido de los continuos. La escala Neuroticismo aporta más información en niveles medios del rasgo, Psicoticismo en los medio-bajos y Extraversión en los medio-altos. La escala Sinceridad mostró una función de información relativamente plana en todo el recorrido del rasgo. Se brindan evidencias de validez basadas en la relación con otras pruebas que miden facetas del neuroticismo y sintomatología. Las evidencias de validez y confiabilidad obtenidas ofrecen garantías de calidad suficientes para la aplicación de este instrumento en el contexto local y confirman la vigencia del modelo teórico que operacionaliza el EPQ-RS.

Abstract The aim of this work is to provide new evidence of psychometric quality for the Argentinean adaptation of the brief version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RS). 1136 people from the general population (52.5% female, mean age = 29.6 years, SD = 11.9) residing in Buenos Aires, Argentina participated. The Argentinean adaptation consists of 42 items with dichotomous response format. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed from the tetrachoric correlation matrix. This allowed replicating the structure proposed by Eysenck for the PEN model (Psychoticism - Extroversion - Neuroticism) and the Lie scale. Subsequently, the two-parameter logistic model was adjusted separately for the items of each scale. The items did not show differential functioning by gender. Items discrimination was moderate-high. Parameters b were located in narrow ranges of each one of the measured traits, which caused the precision of the scales to vary along the trait continuums. The Neuroticism scale provides more information at medium levels of the trait, Psychoticism in the medium-low and Extraversion in the medium-high. The Lie scale showed a relatively flat information function throughout the trait. Evidence of validity based on the relationship with other tests that measure facets of neuroticism and symptomatology is provided. The evidence of validity and reliability obtained offers sufficient quality guarantees for the application of this instrument in the local context and confirms topicality of the theoretical model that operationalizes the EPQ-RS.

Neuroticismo e satisfação com relacionamentos e com a vida na velhice / Neuroticism and satisfaction with relationships and with life in old age

Resumo Objetivos Investigar a associação entre neuroticismo e satisfação com a vida e apoio social em pessoas idosas casadas; além de verificar se a satisfação com o casamento e com as relações familiares e de amizade são mediadoras dessas associações. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com dados do estudo Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (FIBRA). Participaram 94 pessoas idosas recrutadas em domicílios residenciais. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico; a escala NEO-PI-R-Neuroticismo, integrante do Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade; cinco itens semanticamente adaptados da ISEL (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List), e itens únicos escalares (com cinco pontos cada um) para as variáveis satisfação com as relações conjugais, familiares e de amizade e para satisfação com a vida. Foi realizada análise de equações estruturais via análise de caminhos. Resultados a amostra foi composta em sua maioria por homens (54.6%) que relataram estar muito ou muitíssimo satisfeitos com a vida, o casamento, as amizades e os relacionamentos familiares. Pessoas idosas com menores escores de neuroticismo apresentaram maior satisfação com a vida, o casamento, as amizades e os relacionamentos familiares. Maior satisfação com o casamento e com as amizades relacionaram-se diretamente com mais apoio social. Satisfação com os familiares e com os amigos mediaram a associação entre neuroticismo e satisfação com a vida. Conclusão Indivíduos com níveis mais altos de neuroticismo estão menos satisfeitos com seus relacionamentos e com a vida. Pesquisas longitudinais são necessárias para explicar as relações observadas.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between neuroticism and life satisfaction and social support in married older people; in addition to verifying whether satisfaction with marriage and with family and friendship relationships are mediators of these associations. Method A cross-sectional was study carried out with data from the Fragility in Older Adult Brazilians (FIBRA) study. A total of 194 older people recruited from residential households participated in the survey. Instruments used included a sociodemographic questionnaire; the NEO-PI-R-Neuroticism scale from the Big Five Personality Inventory; five items semantically adapted from the ISEL (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List) and single items rated on scales (five points each) for the variables satisfaction with marital, family, and friendship relationships and for satisfaction with life. Structural equation modelling via path analysis was performed. Results The sample comprised individuals who were predominantly men (54.6%), and that reported being satisfied or highly satisfied with life, marriage, friendships, and family relationships. Participants with lower neuroticism scores had higher satisfaction with life, marriage, friendships, and family relationships. Greater satisfaction with marriage and friendships was directly associated with better social support. Satisfaction with family members and friends were variables mediating the association between neuroticism and life satisfaction. Conclusion Individuals with higher levels of neuroticism are less satisfied with their relationships and with life. Longitudinal research is needed to explain the relationships observed.

Associações diretas e indiretas entre autoavaliação de saúde, indicadores objetivos de saúde e neuroticismo em idosos / Direct and indirect associations between self-rated health, objective health indicators and neuroticism in older adults

Resumo Objetivo analisar associações diretas e indiretas entre autoavaliação de saúde, indicadores objetivos de saúde e neuroticismo em idosos Método Os dados foram extraídos dos registros de seguimento (2016-2017) do Estudo da Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros (Estudo FIBRA), de base populacional, sobre fragilidade e fatores associados na velhice. Trezentos e noventa e sete indivíduos com idade a partir de 73 anos no seguimento responderam a um item sobre autoavaliação de saúde. Polimedicação, dor crônica e multimorbidade foram autorrelatadas, fadiga foi mensurada pela CES-D, depressão pela EDG e neuroticismo pelo inventário NEO-PI-R. Foi realizada análise de caminhos, para verificar associações diretas e indiretas entre autoavaliação de saúde, indicadores objetivos de saúde e neuroticismo. Resultados Relações mais robustas foram observadas entre sexo e multimorbidade, depressão e neuroticismo, e neuroticismo e autoavaliação de saúde. Destaca-se que neuroticismo mediou a relação entre idade, dor crônica, multimorbidade e depressão com autoavaliação de saúde. Conclusão O neuroticismo é um importante mediador da relação entre autoavaliação de saúde e indicadores objetivos de saúde. Trabalhos longitudinais são necessários para explicar as relações observadas.

Abstract Objective to analyze the direct and indirect associations between self-rated health, objective health indicators and neuroticism in older adults. Method Data were extracted from follow-up records (2016-2017) of the Study of Frailty in Brazilian Elderly (FIBRA Study), a population-based study of frailty and associated variables in old age. Three hundred and ninety-seven individuals aged 73 years and over at follow-up answered an item on self-rated health. Polimedication, chronic pain and multimorbidity were self-reported, fatigue was measured by CES-D, depression by GDS and neuroticism by NEO-PI-R. Path analysis was performed to verify direct and indirect associations between self-rated health, objective health indicators and neuroticism in the follow-up. Results Neuroticism mediated the relationship between sex and age with self-rated health, and between depression and self-rated health. More robust relationships were observed between depression and neuroticism, pain and neuroticism, and sex and neuroticism; the least robust occurred between age and fatigue. Conclusion Neuroticism is an important mediator of the relationship between self-rated health and objective health indicators. Longitudinal work is needed to

Antisocial Traits and Neuroticism as Predictors of Suicidal Behaviour in Borderline Personality Disorder: a Retrospective Study. / Rasgos antisociales y neuroticismo como predictores de conducta suicida en trastorno límite de la personalidad: un estudio retrospectivo.

INTRODUCTION: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic and management of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the χ2 test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings.

Personalidad, afecto y estilo de afrontamiento: interacciones en trastorno de personalidad grave / Personality, Affect, and Coping Style: Interactions in Severe Personality Disorder

Interiorización y exteriorización han sido estudiados como tendencias o rasgos de la personalidad, próximos a los conceptos de neuroticismo y extraversión, relacionados con la estructura bifactorial del afecto y con el estilo de afrontamiento. Este trabajo examina su interacción en personas con trastorno de personalidad (n= 358). El afecto negativo (AN) es superior en los interiorizadores que en los exteriorizadores (g= 0,62); también la gravedad sintomatológica (GSI: g= 0,60). Los análisis de mediación muestran que el efecto del tipo de personalidad sobre el GSI está mediado parcialmente por la disposición afectiva y por el estilo de afrontamiento. El 88,1% de la muestra presenta un estilo de afrontamiento desfavorable y su frecuencia es mayor entre los interiorizadores (93% vs 83%; χ2= 7,23; p= 0,007). Pero el subgrupo de interiorizadores con estilo de afrontamiento favorable (EAF) no se diferencia de los exteriorizadores con EAF en AN (p= 0,428) ni en GSI (p= 0,082). Independientemente de la estructura de la personalidad, el aprendizaje de estrategias favorables y adaptativas puede mejorar el estado psicopatológico de pacientes graves (AU)

The concepts of internalization and externalization have been proposed as personality tendencies or traits related to the constructs of neuroticism and extraversion. They have been associated to the bifactorial structure of affect and also to the coping style. This paper examines the interaction of personality, affect and coping in a sample of people diagnosed with personality disorder (n= 358). Negative affect (NA) in internalizers is higher than in externalizers (g= 0.62), and so is the severity of symptoms (GSI: g= 0.60). Mediation analyses show that personality type produces an indirect effect on GSI, with NA and coping style as partial mediators. 88.1 % of the sample has an unfavourable coping style (U-CS). The frequency of U-CS among internalizers is bigger than among externalizers (93% vs 83%; χ2= 7.23, p= .007). However, the subgroup of internalizers with a favourable coping style (F-CS) shows no difference with externalizers with the same F-CS, either in NA (p= .428) or in GSI (p= .082). Regardless of personality structure, promoting adaptive strategies of coping can alleviate the psycopathology of severe patients (AU)

A scoping review protocol to map the evidence on self-reported health and neuroticism in older adults / Protocolo de revisão de escopo para mapear as evidências sobre autopercepção de saúde e neuroticismo em idosos

OBJECTIVE: To identify the evidence on self-reported health and neuroticism in older adults. METHODS: Indexed literature published in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be systematically searched and retrieved from 10 databases; reference lists from included studies will be manually searched. Two authors will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts against the eligibility criteria. A customized data extraction form will be used to perform data extraction of the included studies, which will be: studies written in English, Portuguese, and Spanish; studies of older adults aged 55 years or over (mean age is 60 years at least); studies of community-dwelling older adults; studies that evaluated both self-reported health and personality; studies that evaluated self-reported health and personality with validated instruments; observational, review, and intervention studies. RESULTS: The results will be presented in a tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary.

OBJETIVO: Identificar as evidências sobre autopercepção de saúde e neuroticismo em idosos. METODOLOGIA: A literatura indexada publicada em inglês, espanhol e português será sistematicamente pesquisada e coletada em 10 bases de dados; as listas de referência dos estudos incluídos serão pesquisadas manualmente. Dois autores irão avaliar títulos, resumos e textos completos de forma independente de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Um formulário de extração de dados customizado será utilizado para realizar a extração de dados dos estudos incluídos, que serão: estudos em inglês, português e espanhol; estudos com idosos com 55 anos ou mais (a média de idade é de 60 anos, no mínimo); estudos com idosos residentes na comunidade; estudos que avaliaram autopercepção de saúde e personalidade; estudos que avaliaram autopercepção de saúde e personalidade com instrumentos validados; estudos observacionais, de revisão e de intervenção. RESULTADOS: Os resultados serão apresentados em formato tabular, acompanhado de resumo narrativo.

Can personality traits, obesity, depression, anxiety, and quality of life explain the association between migraine and disordered eating attitudes? / Traços de personalidade, obesidade, depressão, ansiedade e qualidade de vida podem explicar a associação entre migrânea e hábitos alimentares inadequados?

ABSTRACT Background: Few studies have explored the coexistence of migraine and disordered eating attitudes. Furthermore, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine and disordered eating attitude comorbidity are not clearly understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between migraine and disordered eating attitudes in relation to personality traits, obesity, quality of life, migraine severity, depression, and anxiety. Methods: This study included 91 patients with episodic migraine and 84 healthy control subjects. Self-report questionnaires were used to evaluate anxiety, depression, migraine-related disability, personality traits, quality of life, and eating disorders. Results: The Eating Attitude Test (EAT) showed disordered eating attitudes in 21 patients (23.1%) in the migraine group and eight patients (9.5%) in the control group. Migraine-related disability, anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and quality of life scores were significantly worse in migraine patients with disordered eating attitudes compared to migraine patients without disordered eating attitudes. In migraine patients, eating attitude test scores were positively correlated with migraine-related disability, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism scores, and negatively correlated with quality of life scores. Conclusion: The association of migraine and disordered eating attitudes was shown to be related to depression, anxiety, quality of life and personality traits and may also indicate a more clinically severe migraine. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature study that deals with all these relevant data together. However, neuropsychiatry-based biological studies are required to better understand this multifaceted association.

RESUMO Introdução: Poucos estudos exploraram a coexistência de migrânea e hábitos alimentares inadequados. Além disso, os mecanismos fisiopatológicos subjacentes da migrânea e da comorbidade da atitude alimentar inadequada não são claramente entendidos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre migrânea e atitudes alimentares inadequadas em relação aos traços de personalidade, obesidade, qualidade de vida, gravidade da migrânea, depressão e ansiedade. Métodos: Este estudo incluiu 91 pacientes com migrânea episódica e 84 indivíduos saudáveis. Questionários de autorrelato foram utilizados para avaliar ansiedade, depressão, incapacidade relacionada à enxaqueca, traços de personalidade, qualidade de vida e distúrbios alimentares. Resultados: O Teste de Hábito Alimentar (THA) mostrou hábitos alimentares inadequados em 21 pacientes (23,1%) no grupo com migrânea e 8 pacientes (9,5%) no grupo controle. Os índices de incapacidade, ansiedade, depressão, neuroticismo e qualidade de vida relacionados à migrânea foram significativamente piores em pacientes com migrânea com hábitos alimentares inadequados em comparação com pacientes com migrânea sem hábitos alimentares inadequados. Em pacientes com migrânea, os escores dos testes de hábito alimentar foram correlacionados positivamente com os escores de incapacidade, ansiedade, depressão e neuroticismo relacionados à migrânea e negativamente com os escores de qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A associação de migrânea e atitudes alimentares inadequadas mostrou-se relacionada à depressão, ansiedade, qualidade de vida e traços de personalidade, podendo também indicar uma migrânea mais clinicamente grave. Até onde sabemos, não há estudo de literatura que lide com todos esses dados relevantes juntos. No entanto, são necessários estudos biológicos baseados em neuropsiquiatria para entender melhor essa associação multifacetada.

Quality of life in panic disorder: the influence of clinical features and personality traits / Qualidade de vida no transtorno de pânico: a influência de características clínicas e traços de personalidade

Abstract Objective To identify which clinical features and personality traits are associated with quality of life (QoL) in panic disorder (PD) patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with PD patients. The brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI) were used to assess QoL and personality traits respectively. The strength of correlations was measured with Pearson's, Spearman's, and point-biserial correlation coefficients. We also performed multiple linear regressions, considering sociodemographic data and scores from clinical scales as independent variables and QoL scores as dependent variables. Results A total of 98 patients were evaluated. Depressive symptoms had a strong negative correlation with QoL and, to a lesser extent, panic and anxiety symptoms were also negatively correlated with QoL. While consciousness, extraversion, and agreeableness had mild positive correlations with QoL, neuroticism had a strong negative correlation. Conclusion Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and panic seem to have a negative impact on the QoL of PD patients. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, may also influence QoL in these patients.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar quais características clínicas e traços de personalidade são mais associados à qualidade de vida (QdV) em pacientes com transtorno de pânico (TP). Métodos Este foi um estudo transversal, realizado em pacientes com TP. A versão breve do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Associação Mundial de Saúde (World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - WHOQOL-BREF) e o Inventário dos Cinco Grande Fatores (Big Five Inventory - BFI) foram utilizados para avaliar QdV e traços de personalidade, respectivamente. A força de associação foi medida através da correlação de Pearson, de Spearman ou ponto bisserial. Foram também realizadas regressões lineares múltiplas, considerando os dados sociodemográficos e escores obtidos nas escalas clínicas como variáveis independentes, e os escores de QdV como variáveis dependentes. Resultados Um total de 98 pacientes foram avaliados. Sintomas depressivos apresentaram uma forte relação negativa com QdV; em menor intensidade, sintomas de TP e ansiosos também se correlacionaram com QdV. Nos domínios de personalidade, enquanto conscienciosidade, extroversão e amabilidade apresentaram uma leve correlação positiva com QdV, neuroticismo apresentou forte correlação negativa. Conclusão Sintomas depressivos, ansiosos e de TP parecem ter forte impacto negativo na QdV dos pacientes com TP. Traços de personalidade, principalmente neuroticismo, podem influenciar QdV nesses pacientes.